(1) India’s push for self-reliance in semiconductor manufacturing is crucial for technological sovereignty. Examine the significance of this mission in light of global chip shortages and strategic dependencies.(10 marks 150 words) (2) The recent oil spill off the Kerala coast has highlighted critical gaps in India’s maritime environmental safeguards and disaster response mechanisms. Analyse the ecological and socio-economic impacts of such incidents. How can India strengthen its coastal disaster preparedness and oil spill response frameworks (15 Marks 250 words)